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All rights reserved. Processing request, please wait Select a course to see syllabus and other class details. Jan 24, 25, 26 Web-Based Training. Mar 21, 22, 23 Web-Based Training. Apr 18, 19, 20 Web-Based Training. Jun 13, 14, 15 Web-Based Training. Aug 15, 16, 17 Web-Based Training.

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They can pony up the extra money and continue using Viagra as before. The datablock report can display any combination of input data or study results in a spreadsheet format. A datablock report showing load flow study results is shown in below. Datablock Report showing selected load flow results. The datablock reports can be printed directly and saved as Excel files. The datablock reports provide a great way to generate cable lists, load lists, etc.

The next few steps demonstrate the procedure for generating TCC drawings for protective device coordination. Add a new fuse to the one-line diagram by clicking on the new fuse icon and placing it on the one-line. Place a new fuse on the one-line. Rotate fuse symbol. Alternatively, you can use a short-cut Icon to rotate the fuse 90 degrees to the right. Insert a new relay between BUS and XF by clicking on the New Relay Icon, moving your cursor to position the symbol in the desired location and clicking your left mouse button to place the symbol as shown in below.

Most document changes in PTW are saved automatically, but not the one-lines. You should save your one-line frequently. Double-click on the symbol for fuse PD and it will open the Component Editor window as shown below. Remember to click on the symbol and not the name. If you double-click on the name, a name change dialog window will appear instead of the Component Editor. Verify that component PD is displayed in the Component Editor and Click on the Library button highlighted with an arrow in figure below.

Double-click on the Cutler-Hammer CX Select Cutler-Hammer CX Go back to the one-line and double-click on relay PD The Component Editor will display PD You can either double-click on the relay selection in the library or use the Apply and Close buttons. The Overcurrent Pickup and Extremely Inverse time delay segments should appear as shown in below.

These segments and values represent the defaults set in the library and can be changed. We will change these values later when we coordinate the devices.

This can be done by clicking your mouse on any part of the one-line window that appears behind the Component Editor window. Once the one-line is open, select the area that includes all of the components from PD down to and including CBL Select the components by placing the cursor arrow at the upper-left corner of the desired area, pressing the left mouse button and moving the pointer to the lower-right corner of the desired area.

The SHIFT key allows you to select new components without losing deselecting components that are already selected. Enter a name for the new TCC drawing and click the New button. A window similar to the one below will appear. A new coordination drawing should appear as shown in below. Coordination Drawing Generated from Selected Components. Notice that on the left side of the screen, on the one-line tab, the portion of the single- line you have selected from the previous one-line also appears.

Select the label for cable CBL and move it next to the cable damage curve as shown below. Note that components can be selected by clicking on the label or the device curve.

Data for each component can be changed on the left side of the window. Click Redraw to update. Click on the Redraw button to update the TCC drawing. The curves are terminated at the maximum fault current at the connected bus.

For this example, the Instantaneous override is higher than the fault current and is therefore not shown. Redraw TCC to display instantaneous override segment. Select the transformer relay PD by clicking on the relay name or curve, or by using the drop-down list box labeled TCC Device List. Drag the relay pickup, placing it between the transformer FLA marker and the start of the transformer damage curve as shown in the figure below.

Move relay PD pickup setting. Drag the time delay curve for relay PD until it is just below the transformer damage curve as shown in below. Drag relay PD time delay curve setting. Using the Setting tab for relay PD, fine-tune the settings by entering 0. The final TCC should look like the figure below.

When you are satisfied with the TCC drawing you can print it directly or in a custom output form. The output forms allow you to print the TCC drawing together with title- blocks, logos and other documents such as a reports or one-line diagrams. Press the Print button to send the active TCC drawing to the printer using the selected output form. The results should resemble the plot shown in the figure below.

The Group Print option can be used to print all of the TCC drawings in your project with a single mouse click. In addition to printing the TCC drawing, you can also print setting reports and tables in a variety of different formats. First we will generate a setting report for a single TCC drawing. Generate TCC Report The standard TCC report can be sorted four different ways.

For this example, sort by Bus Voltage and click OK. Enter the report name TCC1 as shown in the figure below. Enter a name for the new TCC report. The TCC. RPT document will then show up as shown below. The report is automatically saved on the disk in the project folder.

All of the reports associated with the project will appear in the window dialog. Select the TCC1. Open TCC report. Again, the report for TCC1 will be opened as shown below. The first step is shown below. This will result in a TCC report that contains all of the components in the project. Another way to report protective device settings is to display them right on the TCC drawing.

To close the Datablock dialog, click on the Close button. Move the datablocks to empty areas on the TCC drawing as shown below. The datablocks can be toggled on or off from the View menu or by using the toggle datablock icon. TCC Drawing with device setting datablock. The spreadsheet style datablock report, shown below, will appear for the components displayed on the selected TCC drawing.

Datablock Report for devices on TCC drawing. Since there is only one static trip breaker in the project, only one shown in the report. The next steps demonstrate how to use the Equipment Evaluation study module to evaluate the protective device ratings against the calculated short circuit duties.

Equipment Evaluation also checks for missing input data and compares continuous ratings of protective and non-protective devices to calculated design loads and load flow operating conditions. Equipments that fail the evaluation are reported in table form and highlighted in color on the one-line diagrams.

Select the Run Equipment Evaluation option as shown below. If the Equipment Evaluation module is not available, skip to the next section of this tutorial. If you want more information about the Equipment evaluation module, contact SKM. The other icon choices are described in the following paragraph. For the tutorial select this option.

For this tutorial select Branch. For this tutorial, select the Comprehensive Option. Navigates through the report by jumping to the selected component type, or reduces the number of components shown in the evaluation list. Choose from All Non-protection components, buses, cables, 2-winding transformers, 3-winding transformers, transmission lines, pi impedance, generators, loads, induction motors, synchronous motors, schedules, filters, or reduce the number of components reported by custom query.

The Report button generates a spreadsheet-style report and the Run Study button allows you to re-run any combination of studies from the balanced and unbalanced study options. Click on the Report button to generate the spreadsheet-style report shown below.

The report can be printed or saved as an Excel spreadsheet file. To save the report as an Excel spreadsheet, click on the save button and enter a report name in the Save-As dialog window shown in the figure below.

Close the Equipment evaluation window and navigate back to the one-line diagram. You can display the results from the Equipment Evaluation module on the one-line diagram using the Datablocks.

Select the Run Datablock Format as shown below. The datablock information including the protective device ratings and calculated branch fault duties from the Comprehensive Fault module are shown below.

Datablock Display for Equipment Evaluation Results. The options are available on the Run menu as well as the toolbar icons. For this example, none of the equipment fails the input data checks or the equipment rating limits.

However if it had, the symbol for the failed equipment would be highlighted in Red on the one-line. You can adjust these limits to meet your specific design goals. The input data options can be selectively included or excluded from the Input evaluation. If you are in the Equipment Evaluation module, you can access the three criteria limits window by clicking the options button as show below.

The next steps demonstrate how to use the Arc Flash study module to evaluate the incident energy and arc flash boundary for each bus location. Arc Flash calculations combine fault calculations, protective coordination, and empirical equations to calculate arc energy people may be exposed to when working on or near electrical equipment.

Knowing the arc energy, proper protective clothing can be specified to optimize safety with respect to arc flash exposure. If the Arc Flash Evaluation module is not available, skip to the next section of this tutorial. For line side and load side report options the bus refers to the equipment where the line side and load side protective devices are connected. Protective Device Name Refers to the protective device that clears the arcing fault or portion of the total arcing fault current.

Bus kV Bus voltage at the fault location. Bus Bolted Fault Current kA The current flowing to a bus fault that occurs between two or more conductors or bus bars, where the impedance between the conductors is zero.

Bus Arcing Fault The calculated arcing current on the faulted bus Protective Device Bolted Fault Current kA The portion of the total bolted fault current, that flows through a given protective device. Protective Device Arcing Fault Current kA The arc current flowing through each protective device feeding the electric arc fault.

Note that the total arc fault current may flow through several parallel sources to the arc location. In the case of a relay, the breaker opening time is entered separately from the relay trip time. For low voltage breakers and fuses, the trip time is assumed to be the total clearing curve or high tolerance of the published trip curve. Breaker Opening Time The time required for a breaker to open after receiving a signal from the trip unit to operate.

Ground Indicates whether the fault location includes a path to ground. Systems with high-resistance grounds are assumed to be ungrounded in the Arc Flash calculations. The equipment type provides a default Gap value and a distance exponent used in the IEEE incident energy equations. Gap Used only in the IEEE method to define the spacing between bus bars or conductors at the arc location.

Arc Type Identifies whether the fault location is in an enclosure or in open air. In open air the arc energy will radiate in all directions whereas an enclosure will focus the energy toward the enclosure opening.

Arc Flash Boundary The distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a 2nd degree burn. Incident Energy The amount of energy on a surface at a specific distance from a flash.

Label This allows the user to specify the prefix character that will go on the "Label " column in the Arc Flash spreadsheet report. This field can help in sorting out organizing the label when they printed out.

Cable Length From Trip Device Reports the total cable length from the protective device that trips to clear the fault to the faulted bus. If there is no cable in between, nothing will be reported. Incident Energy at High Marginal This will report an incident energy value of the bus, if the incident energy on the bus meets the high marginal criteria value entered in the PPE. Reported by Comprehensive Short Circuit Study.

Duration of Arc sec. Altitude feet or meter Altitude of the worksite where the arcing fault could potentially occur. The unit is in feet or meter depending on the unit selection English or Metric in the arc flash study option window.

This will affect the minimum approach distance. Max Over Voltage Factor T The maximum anticipated per-unit over voltage factor T at the worksite determined by an engineering analysis. This will affect the calculated incident energy. This will affect the minimum approach distance for supply type of work Separation Distance The distance at which the calculated incident energy from Table and Table of NESC is based on.

Minimum Approach Distance The distance from any exposed energized part within which an employee could approach. Detail View or Summary View: The detail view in the arc flash report lists all parallel contributions and the accumulated energy as each contribution is cleared. The summary view lists only the last branch that clears the significant contribution as defined by the "Cleared Fault Threshold" percentage specified.

In the Detail View, the program traces each connected branches to find the protective device that trips first in the branch and lists it under the faulted bus.

If standard NFPA is followed, the incident energy is calculated using the bolted bus fault current for all protective devices listed under the bus without consider the reduction of fault current after some of the devices have been tripped.

The user can define the percentage in the Arc Flash Study Options dialog see section 1. The data associated with the device listed in the summary view will be used in the Bus Detail report and Arc Flash Label. The "Best Case Scenario" is the one with the lowest incident energy out of all the selected scenarios. For instance, if a project has four scenarios, in this window the user can select all of the scenarios and select the "Worse Scenario" option button. When the user clicks on the "OK" button, what will be reported by Arc Flash spreadsheet report for each bus is the incident energy from the scenario with the highest value.

Similarly, if a project has four scenarios, in this window the user can select all of the scenarios and select the "Best Scenario" option button. When the user clicks on the "OK" button, what will be reported by Arc Flash spreadsheet report for each bus is the incident energy from the scenario with the lowest value. Selecting worst case will greatly help in printing out the arc flash label for the worst case situation for those scenarios selected.

This button will bring up the custom label window where the user can specify the Page Size, Label Size, Page Margins, Orientation, Rows and Columns of the labels and Spacing between labels Work Permit This button brings up the window to generates a work permit required for working on energized equipment per NFPA 70E Re-Run Study This button refreshes the Arc Flash display to reflect updated short circuit values caused by system changes made since the last arc flash study was run.

The IEEE method is based on more recent and expanded test data, and is the preferred method. Flash Boundary Calculation Adjustments - The Flash Boundary is normally calculated by setting the incident energy to 1. An option to use 1. Referred to Note 3 in Table Use normal incident energy calculation methodology.

If option 1, 2, 3, or 4 is selected, and the calculated incident energy is smaller than 1. If the calculated incident energy is greater than 1. The working distance and flash boundary can then be in inches or feet. The working distances and flash boundary can then be in mm, cm, or m. It is likely that the person exposed to arc flash will move away quickly if it is physically possible and two seconds is a reasonable maximum time for calculations.

A person in a bucket truck or a person who has crawled into equipment will need more time to move away. Sound engineering judgment is always required when making reasonable arc flash energy estimates.

See picture below. In this window, the user can specify the maximum arcing duration for each buses in the system modeled. For convenience, the user can also sort the window by bus name, bus voltage, or maximum arcing duration by selection one of the available options button. This helps in modeling your system accurately for arc flash study, since each bus location you are analyzing may have different maximum arcing duration depending on the situation. For the NFPA 70E standard, specify the percentage of bolted fault current used to calculate the second incident energy.

Since a small change in arcing fault current can produce substantially different trip times and incident energy, it is prudent to account for arcing fault current variability through reasonable tolerances. The incident energy is calculated at the low and high tolerance specified and the largest incident energy is reported. For cases where both the low and high tolerance values result in the same trip time, the high tolerance will always produce the highest incident energy.

For cases where the low tolerance results in longer trip times, which is often the case, the incident energy is typically higher at the longer trip time. PU Voltage for All Buses If the PU Voltage for All Buses option is selected, the user can enter one single value for the per unit pre-fault voltage to be used for all bus in the system. PU Voltage Enter for Each Bus If the PU Voltage Enter for Each Bus option is selected, the user can enter the per unit pre- fault voltage to be used at each individual bus and the per unit voltage will be used to calculate the bus and branch fault current when apply a fault to that bus.

No Load with Tap If the No Load with Tap option is selected, the per unit pre-fault voltage is calculated by the program starting from the Initial Operating Voltage from the utility or Swing Bus generator. Transformer Tap and Phase Shift will be included in the calculation of the pre-fault voltage if the options are checked in the Calculation Model.

This is the default option. Fixed or Movable for Each Bus… This button brings up a window where the user can specify for each bus whether it is defined as "Fixed" circuit part or "Movable" conductor. The will affect the shock limited approach boundary reported by the arc flash label. A bus defined as "Movable" will have a higher limited approach boundary than a "Fixed" bus. Transformer Tap If this box is unchecked, all transformers appear without the effect on any taps, and the pre- fault voltage is relative to the swing bus voltage.

By selecting Transformer Tap, PTW calculates the system pre-fault no load voltage profile based on the swing bus voltage and transformer tap settings. You must check this box to analyze transformer off nominal voltages properly. To report unbalanced circuit branch flows, select the Transformer Phase Shift check box. This option calculates each transformer phase shift in degrees based on the transformer connection type; the pre-fault voltage angle includes all transformer phase shifting relative to the swing bus.

IEEE recommended different incident energy equation parameters based on whether a bus is grounded or not. Enter the percentage of the Rated Current and the number of cycles after which to reduce the fault current to.

PTW assumes a step change from the initial fault current to the reduced value and incident energy will be calculated using the initial fault current and the number of cycles specified, then accumulated with rest of the incident energy calculated using the reduced fault current and the duration at which the protective device trips.

The Apply To Generator check box controls whether the reduction of contribution should be applied to generators. If unchecked, generator contribution will be the same as the initial fault for the entire arcing duration. Similarly, the Apply To Synchronous Motors check box controls whether synchronous motor contribution should be reduced after the number of cycles.

Recalculate Trip Time using Reduced Current — use the decayed fault current from the Generators and synchronous after the number of cycles to recalculate the trip time and calculate the incident energy. From that, a new arcing fault current is calculated and is used to determine the second accumulation of the incident energy. Note that for this option, the assumption is that protective device protecting the generator will start to operate at the first current it sees.

So the time used for the second portion of the accumulation is the calculated trip time from the initial current minus the number of cycles specified. PTW adds the two incident energy values to get a total accumulated energy. To determine the second accumulation of the incident energy, the new arcing current is used along with the remaining time new tripping time minus the number of cycles specified. This option assumes that the protective device protecting the generator did not operate on the initial current.

Note also the following: o Arc Flash Study Option "Apply To Generators" option is enabled only if there are energized generators in the system. Induction Motor Fault Contribution — Specify the number of cycles to include the induction motor contributions.

PTW assumes a step change from the initial fault current with induction motor contributions to the reduced fault current without induction motor contributions. To include induction motors all the time, enter a large value as the cycles. To ignores all induction motor fault contributions from the arcing fault current and the incident energy calculations, enter 0 cycles.

Notice that while ignoring motor contributions reduces the fault current value, it may increase the trip time and result in higher incident energy. Fuses treated as "All Current Limiting, All Standard Fuses, or Specified in Library" When "All Standard Fuses" is selected, the arc duration is read from the total clearing curve at the arcing fault current for all fuses in the project.

If the fault current is above the 0. When "All Current Limiting Fuses" is selected, the arc duration is read from the total clearing curve when the arcing current is below the current-limiting threshold below the 0. When the arcing current exceeds the current-limiting threshold above the 0. The incident energy calculation will be based on its findings. Arc Flash Equations for Breakers and Fuses. If the "Current Limiting…" check box in the library is unchecked and the "Specified in Library" option is selected, the fuses will be treated as standard fuses without having the current limiting feature.

For breakers, manufacturers could also provide equipment-specific equations to represent faster trip time when the fault current reach a certain level, but they are not current limiting in nature. Otherwise, the arcing fault current Ia is compared to the current IL where the total clearing curve drops below 0. If Tr is above 0. If the arcing fault current is above the total clearing time at the bottom of the curve 0. Equipment-Specific Incident Energy Equations on the Arc Flash Tab - If manufacturers of low voltage breakers have their equipment-specific incident energy equations published, these equations can be entered in the Arc Flash tab of the Protective Device Library.

If the "Use Equipment-Specific Incident Energy Equations on the Arc Flash Tab" check box is checked, but no equation on the Arc Flash tab has a bolted fault current range that covers the calculated bolted fault current through the device, the Equipment-Specific equation will not be used. The Bus report is the normal selection however the load side and line side reports may be useful in specific situations. Refer to the following diagram and descriptions. If the bus has multiple contributions, the devices that trip each branch contribution will be listed in the order they trip, and incident energy will be accumulated until a significant percentage of the fault current has tripped.

The protective device being evaluated is the one that clears the fault. The fault current through the device will be used to calculate the arcing fault current and obtain the trip time from the TCC. The first case represent both ends hot, this occur if the main breaker failed to open, and the next upstream device is the one that must clear the fault. If there is more than one contribution when there is a fault at the line side, incident energy will be accumulated up to the fault contribution percentage specified.

If Line Side Contributions Only is selected, the load side contributions are not included and it is now working as if the load side is disconnected. If the direction of power is opposite to our assumption, the devices that would be listed in the Load Side report under normal power flow direction will be listed in the Line Side report instead. Calculated result for the bus and line side will be listed next to each other for easier comparison of worse case scenario.

A special custom label is supplied by PTW to put both bus and line side results in one single label. Report Last Trip Device vs. The last trip device is defined as the protective device that would trip last, when the percentage of fault current cleared reaches the Cleared Fault Threshold.

However note that the incident energy, flash boundary, and other fields from the detailed view will be reported based on the last trip device. Condition 2: The upstream backup protective device must trip faster and carry a fault current that is bigger or equal to the Cleared Fault Threshold value multiplied by the fault current through the immediate device.

Upstream mis-coordination is checked by branch, all devices within the branch containing the immediate protective device will be evaluated and the fastest one will be used to compare with the fastest device in the upstream branch.

If the first valid protective device is found in an upstream branch and the trip time is slower than the immediate device, the search stops there and the immediate device will be reported. If the upstream mis-coordination is not checked, all devices within the branch containing the first protective device will still be evaluated, and the one with the fastest trip time will be used in the Arc Flash calculation.

Upstream Levels to Search The number entered here determines the number of additional branches, consisting of a protective device or a set of protective devices that are away from the first protective device protecting the faulted bus, that the software will search for mis-coordination.

This will greatly help when doing coordination and arc flash study to see if any of the protective devices several braches away from the fault are mis-coordinated with the protective device next to the faulted bus. Label Options Default Label Prefix - This allows the user to specify the default prefix character that will go on the "Label " column in the Arc Flash spreadsheet report. Note that if a bus already has a label prefix assigned, changing the default label prefix will not change the label prefix already assigned to that bus.

The Default Label Prefix will only be assigned to buses newly created in the project. Cleared Fault Threshold determines the portion of the Total Arcing Fault current at the Bus that needs to be interrupted by protective devices to extinguish the arc. Therefore the remaining portion of Arcing Fault current, if any, can not sustain the arc and will not be considered in the accumulated incident energy. In the Summary View, the last device to trip that reaches the cleared fault threshold is the only protective device that will be listed under the bus, and the data from the device will be used in the Bus Detail report and Bus Label.

The cleared fault threshold value is also used to determine which branches are searched for mis-coordination. Auto Update Arc Flash Results When this checkbox is checked, the software will automatically update the arc flash results whenever there is a change in the system model. For instance, when user open up a tie- breaker or change the size of a motor in the system model, the software will automatically update the arc flash results based on those changes.

The user would not need to re-run the arc flash study. Increase PPE Category by 1 for high marginal IE When this checkbox is checked, the software will automatically increase the arc flash PEE category results by 1 whenever the incident energy calculate is greater than the high marginal value set in the PPE table.

Additional Incident Energy and Flash Boundary… This button brings up a dialog box that allows the users to enter additional working distances for PTW to calculate the incident energies. You can also specify five incident energies for PTW to calculate the flash boundaries.

This information could be used to determine the distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a 2nd degree burn for the given additional incident energy. The additional working distances and the calculated incident energies and PPE at each bus could be displayed in the datablock and the data fields are available in the Custom Label Designer.

The incident energies entered and the calculated flash boundaries are also available in the datablock and Arc Flash Label. Shock Approach Boundary… This button brings up a window that will allow the user to customize the Shock approach boundary table. Note that the voltage range is in unit of voltage and boundaries are in units of inches. The Shock Approach Boundaries Table information is project specific. Add Row This button lets you insert a row in the table.

Furthermore, the user can also specify the order in which they will appear in the Arc Flash spreadsheet report. The following are the meaning of those fields: Bus Name: Fault location for bus report. Protective Device Name: Refers to the protective device that clears portion or total of the arcing fault current. Bus kV: Bus voltage at the fault location. Bus Bolted Fault: The current flowing to a bus fault that occurs between two or more conductors or bus bars, where the impedance between the conductors is zero.

Bus Arcing Fault: The calculated arcing current on the bus. Prot Dev Arcing Fault: The portion or total of arcing current flowing through each protective device feeding the electric arc fault. Breaker Opening Time: The time required for a breaker to open after receiving a signal from the trip unit to operate.

Ground: Indicates whether the fault location includes a path to ground. In Box: Identifies whether the fault location is in an enclosure or in open air. Gap: Defines the spacing between bus bars or conductors at the arc location. Arc Flash Boundary: The distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a 2nd degree burn.

Cable Length From Trip Device: Reports the total cable length from the protective device that trips to clear the fault to the faulted bus. Incident Energy at Low Marginal: This will report an incident energy value of the bus, if the incident energy on the bus meets the low marginal criteria value entered in the PPE.

Incident Energy at High Marginal: This will report an incident energy value of the bus, if the incident energy on the bus meets the high marginal criteria value entered in the PPE.

Re-arrange The purpose of this button is to prevent user from having duplicate column number when they are re-ordering the fields manually. Furthermore, it there is any missing columns columns chose not to be displayed it will use the number after the missing column.

Reset The purpose of this button is to reset the order of the table to its default setting. Four default Categories of FR Clothing are defined based on the applicable range of the incident energy. Modify these values or add new Categories to this table if needed. The Warning Label Text could be user defined as well. All user defined additional protection fields are available in the Custom Label. You can also choose a background and a foreground color for each of the PPE Category.

A row is reserved in the PPE table for the Dangerous category. The PPE Table information is project specific. If there is no PPE table file s existing in the project directory currently opened, it will copy and use the PPE table file information from the LIB directory specified in the miscellaneous files options group. Four dynamic pictures for each PPE Category can also be specified. Switching pictures among the categories is done automatically.

This allows the users the flexibility to add up to four different pictures or logos for each PPE category in their custom arc flash label. Save If you had customized a PPE table and want to keep the changes to a file for future use, or to use the file on a different project, use the "Save" button. Print Use the Print button to print out this table.

Some of these submenus are also available from the right-click menu on the Arc Flash Window. Bus Detail Generates a detailed label including the protective device settings, arcing fault current, incident energy at multiple working distances, and clothing class for the primary working distance.

You can also enter the client information and job , etc. Bus Detail can be used on a single bus or for a selected group of buses. The description information entered will be re-used for all buses. The PPE classes, descriptions and label color for each class are user-definable. Auto Update Arc Flash Result When this is checked, the software will automatically update the arc flash results whenever there is a change in the system model.

Remember to re-link the rows if you want fault currents to be updated from the project database. Remember to re-link the rows if you want the trip times to be updated from the project database. The same menu items are available by clicking the Right Mouse button. LEE equation is used in this case and applicable for Open Air only. Arcing Duration Reached. The time taken for the protective device to clear the fault is longer than the Max.

Arcing Duration is specified in the study options. Fuse Cable Protector Modeled is when the fuse is connected to a cable with multiple conductors in parallel. The fault current and arcing fault through the fuse is divided by the parallel to read the trip time.

Applicable for Open Air only. Existing Equipment type is not Open Air. If one of the protective device directly connected to the bus has a ZSI function, the bus is considered having instantaneous protection and the trip time become user-definable in the Arc Flash main window. Careful inspection of the fault study result from the following picture shows that for a fault at BUS, the bus fault current is Amps, but the current from the down stream branch through fuse PDis zero.

This is because the load down stream is a non-motor load. All of the contribution therefore comes from the Utility. Note that where a protective device is not found or where the trip time is longer than a few seconds that additional review may be required to account for how much energy is released before the worker can move to a safer distance.

For example, you may want to check the energy generated over the first few seconds to see if the worker would be capable of moving out of the way, or if most of the damage is already done.

This check can be done by setting the Maximum Arcing Duration to 2 seconds. This can be done in the Component Editor or from the TCC drawing you created in Section 3 as shown: Note that when this change was made, the Arc Flash calculation was updated to reflect the new trip time for an arcing fault at Bus The trip time changed from 0. The higher energy results in a clothing class change from 1 to 2. To verify this we can go to the TCC. A window, similar to the one below will show up.

Click on the OK button. The TCC will now show two vertical lines. One showing the arcing fault current for worse case incident energy dark line and the other showing the non-worse case arcing fault current dashed line.

With the arcing fault flags shown on the TCC, we can easily see and verify that at 4. On the TCC, you can also plot the C-lines. Constant incident energy line C-Line is a sloped line on a TCC that describes the relationship of a finite series of time and current combinations for which energy remains constant.

For buses or system with single source of contribution, this C-Line can then be used as an aid in overcurrent device coordination to demonstrate visually which setting regions might be adjusted to reduce the arc flash hazard. From here, we can visually see from the TCC that the resulting incident energy for this particular setting will result in a Category 2 situation. Each contribution will trip at a different time and the worker will be exposed to a varying amount of energy as each branch trips.

If the Utility had been the only significant contribution, the energy would have been accumulated only for the first 0. Important Concept: Detail View versus Summary View The detail view in the arc flash report lists all contributions to the location of the fault and the accumulated energy as each contribution is cleared.

The summary view lists only one protective device with the final accumulated incident energy.