Optical coherence tomography a new tool for glaucoma diagnosis

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Posterior pole asymmetry analysis with optical coherence tomography. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. Diagnostic accuracy of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness for glaucoma detection in a population-based study: Comparison with optic nerve head imaging parameters.

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Influence of axial length on ganglion cell complex GCC thickness and on GCC thickness to retinal thickness ratios in young adults. Hee, A. Arya, T. Pedut-Kloizman, C. Puliafito, J. Fujimoto, E. Optical coherence tomography OCT is a novel technique that allows cross- sectional imaging of the anterior and posterior eye. OCT is analogous to computed tomography, which uses x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, which uses spin resonance, or B-scan ultrasound, which uses sound waves, but OCT uses only light to derive its image.

OCT is a noncontact, noninvasive system by which retinal substructure may be analyzed in vivo. OCT is useful in the evaluation of retinal pathologies and glaucoma. In retinal disease, entities such as macular holes, macular edema, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal vascular occlusion and other factors have been examined.

Separation between the posterior vitreous and retina, or lack thereof, are seen and quantitated. In glaucoma, retinal nerve fiber layer NFL thickness is measured at standardized locations around the optic nerve head.

A circular scan produces a cylindrical cross-section of the retina, from which the NFL can be analyzed. Accordingly, there is widespread RNFL loss and severe visual field loss. There is significant controversy whether vascular attenuation and dropout is a consequence of ganglion cell loss and reduced blood supply demand or if the vascular changes predate RGC loss and have a causative role. Future longitudinal studies may elucidate whether vascular changes precede structural damage.

OCTA has many applications in various retinal disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration,[ 21 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] diabetic retinopathy,[ 20 , 21 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] retinal vasoocclusive disorders branch and central retinal arterial and venous occlusion ,[ 47 , 48 , 49 ] ocular tumors mainly uveal melanoma ,[ 50 , 51 , 52 ] macular telangiectasia,[ 53 , 54 ] and retinopathy of prematurity.

In cardiology, OCT is used for evaluation of thrombotic plaques, atherosclerotic plaques, and intravascular stents. Despite its promising features and strengths, OCTA is a rather new technology and is still evolving.

In its current state, OCTA has limited resolution and field of view. Increasing the field of view would dramatically decrease image resolution. Importantly, OCTA cannot detect vascular leakage. With the current rapid pace of innovations in OCTA, ultra-high speed OCTA, perhaps with multiple laser sources including swept-source laser , would be available in near future. Optical coherence tomography has emerged as the most widely used imaging modality in the field of Ophthalmology.

Optical coherence tomography angiography is a further advancement in the spectrum of OCT imaging modalities and has widespread applications in many ocular conditions, including glaucoma. It is expected to lead to a paradigm shift in glaucoma diagnostics in near future. Read article at publisher's site DOI : J Glaucoma , 30 12 , 01 Dec Cited by: 0 articles PMID: Transl Vis Sci Technol , 9 4 , 16 Mar Clin Ophthalmol , , 27 Sep Ther Adv Ophthalmol , , 01 Jan This data has been text mined from the article, or deposited into data resources.

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Affiliations 2 authors 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. Abstract Optical coherence tomography angiography OCTA is a new modality in ocular imaging which provides high resolution view of the vascular structures in the retina and optic nerve head. Free full text. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. PMID: Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Correspondence to: Ramin Daneshvar.

E-mail: ri. Received Feb 13; Accepted Apr 2. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to:. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Glaucoma During the past few years, a rapidly growing body of evidence has accumulated on the potential role of OCTA in glaucoma diagnosis.

Table 1 Summary of available literature on application of optical coherence tomography in glaucoma evaluation. Figure 2. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and other Diseases OCTA has many applications in various retinal disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration,[ 21 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] diabetic retinopathy,[ 20 , 21 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] retinal vasoocclusive disorders branch and central retinal arterial and venous occlusion ,[ 47 , 48 , 49 ] ocular tumors mainly uveal melanoma ,[ 50 , 51 , 52 ] macular telangiectasia,[ 53 , 54 ] and retinopathy of prematurity.

Limitations Despite its promising features and strengths, OCTA is a rather new technology and is still evolving. Future Horizons With the current rapid pace of innovations in OCTA, ultra-high speed OCTA, perhaps with multiple laser sources including swept-source laser , would be available in near future.

Financial Support and Sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of Interest There are no conflicts of interest. Vascular risk factors in glaucoma: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. Nicolela MT. Clinical clues of vascular dysregulation and its association with glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol. Clujul Med. Pasquale LR. Vascular and autonomic dysregulation in primary open-angle glaucoma.