New virus list 2010

Knowing what to do when you see a tornado, or when you hear a tornado warning, can help protect you and your family. Iceland Volcano Erupts April 15, The Eyjafjallajokull volcano erupts in Iceland creating floods in the area and producing high levels of volcanic ash prompting health concerns. Learn more about the situation and how to keep yourself safe after a flood. The President has declared a state of emergency in North Dakota.

Learn how to keep yourself safe during and after a flood. Earthquake in Chile February 27, A magnitude The hardest-hit areas were south in the Maule and Bio Bio regions along the coast. Learn what you can do to stay safe during and after an earthquake. In April of , 20 cases of swine flu were reported in the U. The swine flu was transmitted by pigs as a respiratory disease, usually through contact with farm raisers or participation in fairs. Also known as pertussis, this respiratory disease surmounted to 48, cases in the U.

Coughing fits last up to 10 weeks or more and can be life-threatening for infants. Worldwide, the estimation of whooping cough cases is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome was first found in the Arabian Peninsula in and was also associated with the coronavirus once the illness became viral. Only two cases were found in the U. Up until , 2, cases have been reported, including deaths. Ebola reached the U. The most recent outbreaks of Ebola occured in the Democratic Republic of Congo in The most at threat potential victims for this mosquito-transmitted disease are pregnant women, whom if bitten, their pregnancy could result in stillbirth, preterm birth or fetal loss.

In November of , 84 countries were reported to have Zika virus cases in the Americas, with the first cases reported in Brazil, then spreading in high numbers to New York, Florida and Texas. On Jan. CSUN moves online for the first three weeks of spring semester. Proof of vaccination ordinance goes into effect across Los Angeles County. In , four cases of human infection with novel influenza A viruses were reported from three states: Minnesota [ 2 ], Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin [ 3 ].

These four cases were sporadic cases of human infection with swine-origin influenza A H3N2 viruses. These viruses are similar to those swine influenza A H3N2 viruses that have been circulating among U. Two of the four patients were hospitalized; all four recovered fully from their illness.

Three of the four affected persons had contact with or had a likely exposure to swine and the fourth likely acquired infection from one of the persons with a confirmed case. The Wisconsin patient reported contact with pigs in the week preceding symptom onset and no direct contact with pigs was identified in the Pennsylvania case; however, the patient lives in an area close to pig farms. The two cases from Minnesota occurred in a father and child.

The father had direct swine exposure 6 days before illness onset. The child had no history of recent swine exposure and her symptom onset occurred 3 days after her father's symptom onset, suggesting that she acquired the infection from exposure to her father during his illness. A nasopharyngeal swab was collected from the child and initially tested negative; her infection with swine-origin influenza A H3N2 virus was confirmed several weeks later by serologic testing.

An additional three members in the same household also had ILI during the same period, but serologic results were negative. Transmission of swine-origin influenza A viruses to humans usually occurs among people in direct contact with pigs or in those who have visited places where pigs were present e.

CDC conducts surveillance for human infections with novel influenza A viruses year-round and carries out epidemiologic investigations on each case.

Surveillance for human infections with novel influenza A viruses is essential; early identification and investigation of these cases are critical to evaluate the extent of outbreaks and the potential for human-to-human transmission.

Psittacosis is a respiratory infection resulting from exposure to the bacterium Chlamydophila Chlamydia psittaci through the feces, respiratory secretions, plumage, or tissues of infected birds.

Persons with psittacosis generally have high fever, cough, and malaise within 5—14 days of exposure. A minority of cases might progress to severe pneumonia with respiratory compromise. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists position statement and case definition for psittacosis was revised in June to include more stringent laboratory criteria for confirmed and probable cases.

In , a total of four psittacosis cases were reported, compared with an average of 16 range: 9—25 cases reported during the period — During , both acute and chronic Q fever infections were considered notifiable.

Among the cases reported in , were acute infection, and 25 were chronic Q fever. Cases remained distributed across the United States, consistent with Q fever being enzootic in ruminants sheep, goats, and cattle throughout the country.

Although few human cases are reported annually, Q fever is believed to be substantially underreported because of its nonspecific presentation and the subsequent failure of physicians to suspect infection and request appropriate diagnostic tests.

During , two cases of human rabies were reported in the United States: an imported case reported from Louisiana and a domestically acquired case reported from Wisconsin. The Louisiana case originated from Mexico, and is the second imported human rabies case not associated with a canine rabies virus variant; it is also the first imported case of a human infected with the vampire bat rabies virus variant in the United States 1. The human rabies case reported from Wisconsin was associated with a bat Perimyotis subflavus rabies virus variant 2 ; in each incident, the patient died 1 , 2.

Each year, specimens from more than , animals are submitted for rabies diagnosis in the United States. The national surveillance network for rabies consists of more than laboratories state health, state agriculture, and university veterinary pathology laboratories that perform primary diagnosis. This network is supported by local health departments, animal control services, law enforcement, private veterinarians, and the general public to ensure animals are appropriately captured, euthanized, and submitted for testing.

The rabies surveillance system is robust because of the role of rabies diagnosis in animals to determine human postexposure prophylaxis decisions, yet it is susceptible to fluctuations in local policies and budgetary restrictions that affect the collection, submission, and testing of animals.

Despite the overall decline in submissions and reported rabid animals during , some notable epizootics occurred. Salmonellosis is reported most frequently in late summer and early fall; in , this seasonality was evident, with the highest number of reports in August, September, and October. Salmonella infections have not declined during the past 10 years. In , the incidence was nearly three times the national health objective target 6. In the United States, Salmonella causes an estimated 1.

Salmonella can contaminate several foods, and different serotypes tend to have different animal reservoirs and food sources, making control challenging.

During , a national outbreak of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infections led to a massive recall of approximately million eggs 3,4. This occurred just before implementation of new egg regulations, implementation of which could have prevented the outbreak and the associated recall 5. Public health actions to prevent and control Salmonella infections are based on serotype characterization; in , the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists adopted a position statement calling for serotype-specific reporting of laboratory-confirmed salmonellosis cases 6.

Infections with certain Salmonella serotypes are more likely to be invasive and to lead to poor outcomes than infections with other serotypes 7. Most cases occur among young children, and large day care-associated outbreaks are common and often difficult to control 2. Some cases of shigellosis are acquired during international travel 3,4.

In addition to spreading from one person to another, Shigellae can be transmitted through contaminated foods, sexual contact, and water used for drinking or recreational purposes 1.

Resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among S. Shigellosis does not demonstrate marked seasonality, likely reflecting the importance of person-to-person transmission. Public health actions to prevent and control Shigella infections are based on species characterization; in , the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists adopted a position statement calling for species-specific reporting of laboratory-confirmed shigellosis cases 6.

Because serologic tests commonly used to diagnose Rocky Mountain spotted fever RMSF exhibit cross-reactivity between spotted fever rickettsial pathogens, some cases reported as RMSF might actually be disease caused by other spotted fever rickettsial infections, and therefore are more correctly referred to as spotted fever rickettsiosis SFR. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists approved this change at their annual meeting. The change became effective in January 1. Cases reported in were distributed across the United States, reflecting the endemic status of SFR and the widespread ranges of the primary tick vectors primarily Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor andersoni responsible for transmission.

SFR cases associated with infections caused by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, first reported in 2 , continued to be reported from Arizona during Reporting fluctuations might be the result of several factors, including ecological changes influencing vector tick populations and disease transmission, changes in diagnostic approaches that alter detection rates, or changes in surveillance and reporting practices.

STEC non-O a diverse group that varies in virulence, comprises approximately 50 other serogroups. Escherichia coli OH7 infection has been nationally notifiable since 2. Shiga toxin-producing E. Public health actions to monitor, prevent, and control STEC infections are based on serogroup characterization. Increased use of assays for the detection of Shiga toxins in clinical laboratories in recent years has led to increased reporting of STEC non-O infection 4.

Stool specimens from patients with community-acquired diarrhea submitted to clinical laboratories should be tested routinely both by culture for STEC O and by an assay that detects Shiga toxins 5.

Detection of Shiga toxin alone is inadequate for outbreak detection; characterizing STEC isolates by serogroup and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern is important to detect, investigate, and control outbreaks.

Rates of congenital syphilis decreased during for the second consecutive year. This decrease parallels a similar rate decrease in primary and secondary syphilis among women during — However, rates of congenital syphilis among black and Hispanic women were Rates of primary and secondary syphilis reached historic lows in , but increased each year during — During , overall rates of primary and secondary syphilis decreased for the first time since 1.

Rates among men were highest among those aged 20—24 years, a marked shift from , when rates were highest among men aged 35—39 years. In particular, rates among black and Hispanic men aged 20—24 years Recent analyses indicate that these trends of increasing primary and secondary syphilis occur mostly among young men having sex with men. No outbreaks were reported in , that was the first year since that no trichinellosis outbreaks were reported 1— 3.

Wild game meat was reported as the source of Trichinella infection in two cases; one person consumed wild boar and another consumed both bear and raccoon meat. Pork was the suspected source in four cases; one person reported consuming store-bought pork, one person likely acquired the infection from pork consumed during international travel, and two persons reported consuming pork frequently either at home or at restaurants.

No information on source of infection was given for one case. National trichinellosis surveillance will continue to monitor for changes in incidence following this new recommendation. The risk of infection is highest for international travelers visiting friends and relatives in countries where typhoid fever is endemic, perhaps because they are less likely than other travelers to seek pre-travel vaccination and to observe strict safe water and food practices.

The risk also is higher for travelers who visit the most highly endemic areas, such as the Indian subcontinent, even for a short time 2. From through , a total of 60 outbreaks of typhoid fever were reported in the United States 3. The first domestically acquired outbreak of typhoid fever in over a decade occurred in Twelve cases were identified, and illness was linked to consumption of imported frozen mamey fruit.

Mamey from the same producer in Guatemala also was implicated in the previous domestic typhoid fever outbreak, which occurred in 4. Varicella was added to the nationally notifiable diseases list in Collecting standard demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data, including information on disease severity e. Vibriosis became a nationally notifiable condition in 1.

California, Florida, and Texas report the largest numbers of cases. In , a cluster of toxigenic producing cholera toxin V. Viral hemorrhagic fever infections became reportable to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System for the first time in None of these viruses are endemic in the United States. In January , a case of Lassa virus infection was confirmed in a patient who had recently traveled to Liberia, where the virus is endemic 1.

The patient developed clinical illness in Liberia and sought medical attention upon return to the United States. No secondary cases were identified. This patient represents the sixth known occurrence of imported Lassa fever in the United States. Data in the MMWR Summary of Notifiable Diseases — United States, might not match data in other CDC surveillance reports because of differences in the timing of reports, the source of the data, the use of different case definitions and print criteria.

TABLE 1. Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Data on human immunodeficiency virus HIV infections are not included because HIV infection reporting has been implemented on different dates and using different methods than for AIDS case reporting. TABLE 2. N: Not reportable. U: Unavailable. Data on hepatitis B virus, perinatal infection, chronic hepatitis B, and chronic hepatitis C virus infection are not included because they are undergoing data quality review.

Revision of national surveillance case definition. All cases of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease, regardless of age or drug resistance are reported under a single disease code. TABLE 3. Skip directly to search Skip directly to A to Z list Skip directly to site content. Protecting People. Search The CDC.

Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. While activity was low and continuing to decline, H1N1 viruses were still reported in small numbers through the spring and summer of 1.

The weekly percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness ILI peaked at the end of October at 7. This percentage decreased to 1. The number of states reporting widespread influenza activity peaked at 49 at the end of October, and decreased to zero by the beginning of January.

By the middle of May, no states were reporting widespread or regional influenza activity and most states were reporting sporadic or no flu activity. In most years, seasonal influenza activity peaks in January or February. See graph of peak influenza activity by month in the United States from Influenza activity was associated with significantly higher pediatric mortality, and higher rates of hospitalizations in children and young adults than previous seasons.

The influenza season was relatively less severe among people 65 years and older than compared with usual flu seasons. Like seasonal flu, people with certain chronic medical conditions were at greater risk of serious flu complications during the pandemic season, including hospitalizations and deaths. Top of Page. The overall health impact e. Based on available data from U. If the viruses in the vaccine and the influenza viruses circulating in the community are closely matched, vaccine effectiveness is higher.